Gram-Positive Bacterial Cell Wall Cell wall of gram-positive bacteria (figure), is approximately 80nm thick having several layers of peptidoglycan. Peptidoglycan : It contributes to 50−90% of the dry weight of the cell wall...
Despite of being the most primitive and simplest microorganism, bacteria have well developed cell structures which possess many unique biological properties. Bacteria differ from archae bacteria and other eukaryotic...
Table enlists the distinguishing features between prokaryotes and eukaryotes : Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Basic Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Typical Organisms Bacteria and archaea Protists, fungi, plants...
Examination of a prokaryotic cell reveals various component structures. Some of the structures are naturally common to almost all prokaryotes, but some structures are present in certain species. Structures found external to the...
A slowly progressive and degenerative disease affecting the nervous system is termed Parkinson’s disease (named after its pioneer, James Parkinson in 1817). Parkinson’s disease results from an insufficiency of...
Glaucoma is defined as a progressive optic neuropathy causing damage to optic nerves that result in visual field defects. The disorder is progressive in nature and is usually associated with increase in intraocular pressure...
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder, in which antibodies are produced at neuromuscular junction (NMJ) against the NM receptors, so, it results in decrease in the number of NM receptors. Patients with myasthenia...
Neurohumoral transmission involves the following four steps (figure) Step 1: Initiation of an Action Potential and Axonal Conduction During resting conditions, the membrane potential inside a typical axon is −70mV with...
Autonomic Nervous System has the following functions : Reflex Activities : The ANS is involved in complex reflex activities that depend on sensory input to the CNS and on motor output. Reflex actions are rapid and are coordinated...
The differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system according to their origin, character and effect on respective organs are listed in table. Sympathetic Parasympathetic Origin From all thoracic and...
