We first discuss distance vector routing. This method sees an AS, with all routers and networks, as a graph, a set of nodes and lines (edges) connecting the nodes. A router can normally be represented by a node and a network by a...
Category - Computer Science
Today, an internet can be so large that one routing protocol cannot handle the task of updating the routing tables of all routers. For this reason, an internet is divided into autonomous systems. An autonomous system (AS) is a...
Communication involving mobile IP can be inefficient. The inefficiency can be severe or moderate. The severe case is called double crossing or 2X. The moderate case is called triangle routing or dog-leg routing. Double...
To give an idea of how Internet Control Message Protocol – ICMP can handle the sending and receiving of ICMP messages, we present our version of an ICMP package made of two modules: an input module and an output module...
Anytime a host or a router has an IP datagram to send to another host or router, it has the logical (IP) address of the receiver. But the IP datagram must be encapsulated in a frame to be able to pass through the physical...
An internet is made of a combination of physical networks connected together by internetworking devices such as routers. A packet starting from a source host may pass through several different physical networks before finally...
We assumed that the underlying networks over which the IP datagrams are moving are either LANs or point-to-point WANs. In this section, we want to see how an IP datagram is moving through a switched WAN such as an ATM. We will...
The error detection method used by most TCP/IP protocols is called the checksum. The checksum protects against the corruption that may occur during the transmission of a packet. It is redundant information added to the...
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the transmission mechanism used by the TCP/IP protocols at the network layer. Figure shows the position of IP in the suite. IP is an unreliable and connectionless datagram protocol a best effort...
Delivery The network layer supervises the handling of the packets by the underlying physical networks. We define this handling as the delivery of a packet. The delivery of a packet to its final destination is accomplished using...