The preganglionic fibres of the parasympathetic nervous system arise from the cell bodies of the CNS. The preganglionic fibres originate from the nuclei of the third, seventh, ninth and tenth cranial nerves (CN III, VII, IX, and...
The preganglionic fibres of the sympathetic nervous system arise from the cell bodies spanning from the Thoracic (T1) to the Lumbar (L2) part of the spinal cord. The Sympathetic Nervous System is made up of the following...
These receptors possess a subunit along with enzymatic property or bind a JAK (Janus Kinase) enzyme on activation. The outer face of plasma membrane carry binding site for agonist and the inner face has catalytic site (figure). A...
These receptors belong to a large family of cell membrane receptors. These receptors are bonded with effector (enzyme/channel/carrier protein) by one or more GTO-activated protein (G-protein) to give effective response. The...
The drug receptor interaction may be affected by : Isosterism : Isosteres are groups of atoms having identical physical or chemical properties of a molecule due to resemblance in size, electronegativity, or stereochemistry, and...
In molecular terms, the activity of drugs is initiated by their atomic level interaction with a receptor. Since the association of small molecules (e.g., drugs) with macromolecules (e.g., receptors) is promoted and stabilised by...
Drugs can bind either through plasma proteins or blood cells : Binding of Drugs to Plasma Proteins : In systemic circulation drug interacts with plasma and blood components (plasma proteins, blood cells and haemoglobin). In blood...
Drugs distribution is affected by : Age : Distribution varies with difference in : Total Body Content (Intracellular and Extracellular) : It is maximum in infants. Fat Content : Greater in infants and in elder ones. Skeletal...
A number of drugs are yielded by plants and animals. This classification can be done according to the physical and chemical properties of the drug. In this, drugs are categorised in the following groups: Alkaloids : Compounds...
The following points help to understand the nature of drugs in a better manner: Physical State of Drug : At room temperature, drugs may either be in the form of solid (e.g., aspirin, atropine), liquids (e.g., nicotine, ethanol)...
